In which direction does current typically flow?

Current typically flows from positive to negative due to the conventional current theory, which is based on the movement of positive charge. Historically, when electricity was first being studied, it was assumed that electric current flowed from higher potential (positive) to lower potential (negative). As such, electrical circuits are designed based on this principle, and components such as batteries and power supplies are labeled with positive and negative terminals reflecting this flow direction.

In practical applications, the actual charge carriers in electrical circuits—particularly in metal conductors—are electrons, which move from negative to positive. However, the conventional view of current flowing from positive to negative persists and is the standard reference point in circuit analysis and design. Understanding this framework is crucial for anyone studying electrical concepts, as it serves as a foundation for analyzing and predicting circuit behavior.